The Genitive Case

German II

 

 

The der-words and ein-words for all four cases in German follow.

 

 

MASC

NEUT

FEM

PLURAL

NOM

der

das

die

die

ACC

den

das

die

die

DAT

dem

dem

der

den

GEN

des

des

der

der

 

 

 

 

 

NOM

ein

eine

eine

keine

ACC

einen

ein

eine

keine

DAT

einem

einem

einer

keinen (n)

GEN

eines (s, es)

eines (s, es)

einer

keiner

 

Note the endings (s, es) after the masculine and neuter articles. This indicates that the masculine or neuter noun itself receives an ending in the genitive case.

 

Genitive Noun Endings

Most masculine and neuter nouns in the genitive case add –s or –es according to the following two rules.

 

General Rule: -es is added to nouns of one syllable and –s is added to nouns of more than one syllable.

 

One syllable:                             Nominative                   Genitive

                                                der Mann                      des Mannes

                                                der Text                        des Textes

                                                das Kind                       des Kindes

                                                das Buch                      des Buches

 

More than 1 syllable:                  der Vater                      des Vaters

                                                der Teppich                   des Teppichs

                                                das Telefon                   des Telefons

                                                das Fenster                   des Fensters

 

Rule for nouns ending in an -s sound (-s, -ss, -x, -z, -sch): add –es regardless of the number of syllables.

 

                                                Nominative                   Genitive

                                                der Gruss                      des Grusses                  greeting

                                                der Komples                 des Komplexes             

                                                das Glas                        des Glases                   

                                                das Gesetz                    des Gesetzes                 law

 

 

 

 

An exception to this rule is nouns ending in –mus; they do not add any ending.

 

Nominative                   Genitive

                                            der Patriotismus             des Patriotismus

                                            der Optimismus             des Optimismus

 

The genitive case is used in three common ways.

1. Genitive for Possession

 

The genitive case expresses a relationship of ownership between two nouns. Thus it answers the question Wessen (whose)?

 

In English, possession is shown either by means of an 's or with the preposition of.

 

            my mother’s car            the car of my mother

            our neighbor’s dog         the dog of our neighbor

 

In German, the genitive case is, with the exception of people’s names, expressed with a construction similar to the English prepositional phrase. The key to correct usage of the genitive case in German is always to rephrase possession with the preposition “of.” Thus, the genitive case answers the question Of whom? or Of what?

 

Die Mechanikerin muss das Auto meines Vaters reparieren.

 

 

Das ist das Werk das Kuenstlers.

 

 

Das Fahrrad der Studentin war kaputt.

 

 

 

Exercise 1: Rephrase the possessive construction using “of.”

 

  1. Here is the woman’s address.
  2. He is the children’s father.
  3. That is the dog’s bone.
  4. She is wearing her girlfriend’s dress.
  5. The house’s window was broken.
  6. Here is her sister’s car.
  7. The player’s leg was broken.
  8. May I use your friend’s pencil?

 

Exercise 2: Supply the correct genitive form of the noun in parentheses. Make sure you add endings to the nouns where necessary.

 

  1. Die Sirene ________________________ war laut. (der Krankenwagen)
  2. Ich mag den Kuchen ________________________ am liebsten. (diese Baeckerei)
  3. Diese Erklaerung ________________________ war unverstaendlich. (der Text)
  4. Ich wohne noch in dem Haus ________________________. (meine Kindheit)
  5. Die Loesungen ________________________ stehen am Ende ________________________ (die Uebungen, jedes Kapitel).
  6. Ich vergesse den Namen ________________________ . (der Mann, das Kind)
  7. Die Tochter ________________________ heisst Stephanie. (meine Schwester)
  8. Dieses Buch analysiert die Grundsaetze ________________________ . (der Sozialismus)
  9. Die Interpretation ________________________ ist zweideutig. (das Gesetz)
  10. Die Farbe ________________________ gefaellt ihm nicht.  (ihr Kleid)