The Genitive Case
German II
The der-words and ein-words for
all four cases in German follow.
|
|
MASC |
NEUT |
FEM |
PLURAL |
|
NOM |
der |
das |
die |
die |
|
ACC |
den |
das |
die |
die |
|
DAT |
dem |
dem |
der |
den |
|
GEN |
des |
des |
der |
der |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOM |
ein |
eine |
eine |
keine |
|
ACC |
einen |
ein |
eine |
keine |
|
DAT |
einem |
einem |
einer |
keinen
(n) |
|
GEN |
eines (s, es) |
eines (s, es) |
einer |
keiner |
Note the endings (s, es) after the masculine and neuter articles. This
indicates that the masculine or neuter noun itself receives an ending in the
genitive case.
Genitive Noun Endings
Most masculine and neuter
nouns in the genitive case add –s or
–es
according to the following two rules.
General Rule:
-es is added to nouns of one syllable and –s is added to nouns of more than one syllable.
One syllable: Nominative Genitive
der Mann des
Mannes
der Text des
Textes
das Kind des
Kindes
das Buch des Buches
More than 1 syllable: der Vater des
Vaters
der Teppich des Teppichs
das Telefon des Telefons
das Fenster des Fensters
Rule for nouns ending in an -s sound (-s, -ss, -x, -z, -sch): add –es regardless of the number of syllables.
Nominative Genitive
der Gruss des Grusses greeting
der Komples des Komplexes
das Glas des Glases
das Gesetz des Gesetzes law
An exception to this rule is
nouns ending in –mus;
they do not add any ending.
Nominative Genitive
der Patriotismus des Patriotismus
der Optimismus des Optimismus
The genitive case is used in
three common ways.
1. Genitive for Possession
The genitive case expresses a
relationship of ownership between two nouns. Thus it answers the question Wessen (whose)?
In English, possession is
shown either by means of an 's or with the
preposition of.
my mother’s car the car of my mother
our neighbor’s dog the dog of our neighbor
In German, the genitive case
is, with the exception of people’s names, expressed with a construction similar
to the English prepositional phrase. The key to correct usage of the genitive case
in German is always to rephrase possession with the preposition “of.” Thus, the
genitive case answers the question Of whom?
or Of what?
Die Mechanikerin muss das Auto meines Vaters reparieren.
Das ist das Werk das Kuenstlers.
Das Fahrrad der Studentin war kaputt.
Exercise 1: Rephrase the possessive construction using
“of.”
Exercise 2: Supply the correct genitive form of the noun
in parentheses. Make sure you add endings to the nouns where necessary.